The EU has doled out €458 million ($496 million) in fines to Volkswagen, Stellantis and 13 other automakers for colluding on their vehicle recycling programs.
The European Commission said the 15 major carmakers and their trade association had run a long-lasting cartel concerning the terms for recycling old vehicles.
While the cartel involved almost every major automaker, European groups received some of the biggest fines. Volkswagen was hit with a €127 million fine, Renault-Nissan with a €81 million fine and Stellantis with a €75 million fine. U.S. manufacturers were also targeted, with Ford receiving a €41 million fine for its conduct.
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Several Asian manufacturers including Toyota were also fined.
