‘Pandora’s box’: Saudi nuclear pact stokes fears of regional enrichment free-for-all

By Felicia Schwartz, Jerry Wu, Giselle Ruhiyyih Ewing | 07/23/2026 12:22 PM EDT

The agreement, which could let Riyadh enrich its own uranium within a decade, is sparking warnings that Turkey, Egypt and others could soon demand the same deal, unraveling years of U.S. nonproliferation policy.

President Donald Trump stands with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

President Donald Trump stands with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on his visit to the White House on Nov. 18, 2025, in Washington. Mark Schiefelbein/AP

Some lawmakers in both parties are warning that the newly inked U.S. nuclear agreement deal with Saudi Arabia could ignite a Middle East arms race at a particularly dangerous moment — when the Iran war is already provoking conflict across the region.

While the deal is the culmination of a process that started before the war with Iran, announcing it now has an immediate effect on the fighting, argued Sen. Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), a member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who has been critical of Saudi Arabia.

“Everything that happens in Riyadh has a reaction in Tehran,” he said. “Part of the reason the United States has been reluctant to give this agreement to Saudi Arabia is because we knew it would end up pushing Iran closer to a nuclear weapon, and that remains true today.”

Advertisement

Even the potential of future nuclear enrichment by Saudi Arabia could swiftly shift the balance in the region and beyond, said Sen. John Kennedy (R-La.).

REQUEST A DEMO