Brussels tried to help farmers. The tractors are back anyway.

By Bartosz Brzeziński, Lucia MacKenzie, Rebecca Holland, Victor Goury-Laffont | 12/18/2025 11:58 AM EST

Ahead of their biggest protest since the 1990s, farmers are madder than ever. We rate the policy responses and reactions on a pen-and-manure scale.

This aerial view shows tractors during a demonstration organised by Coordination Rurale farmers union close to the Mont-Saint-Michel, northwestern France on Dec. 18, 2025.

Some farmers are coming over trade. Others over the next EU budget. Others over animal diseases or green rules. Damien Meyer/AFP via Getty Images

Brussels is about to get another reminder that tractors don’t run on promises.

Despite a flood of legislative goodies and concessions, some 10,000 farmers from all 27 EU countries are expected to descend on the EU quarter for what the bloc’s main farm lobby Copa-Cogeca says will be the biggest farm protests Brussels has seen this century. Tractors are expected. Speeches are planned. As for manure or burning hay? That, apparently, depends on who shows up.

“We’ve told everyone to behave,” said Peter Meedendorp, the head of Europe’s young farmers group CEJA. “But maybe the group from northern France — they are more radical — we can’t say what they’ll do.”

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Even the EU’s agriculture commissioner admits the protest defies a single explanation.

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