Gradual warming — not disasters — will be most harmful, paper says

By Saqib Rahim | 10/06/2025 06:15 AM EDT

Two-thirds of climate-driven economic loss will result from increased heat reducing labor output under a worst-case scenario.

A farmworker in Ohio wipes sweat off his face while picking yellow squash.

Farmworker Brayan Manzano wipes sweat off his face while picking yellow squash in Ohio during a heat wave. A new report says intensifying heat will cause more economic loss than disasters in 2050 under a worst-case climate scenario. Joshua A. Bickel/AP

Future economic damage from climate change would be caused mostly by gradual warming that affects labor output, farm productivity and migration — and not so much from natural disasters, a new report says.

A paper by data provider Moody’s Analytics says that in a worst-case scenario, climate change would cut U.S. economic output by 9.5 percent in 2050 compared to a moderate-case climate scenario.

Weather-related disasters such as hurricanes and wildfires, which climate change and development have made more destructive, would cause one-third of the economic loss.

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But two-thirds would result from changes such as increased heat stress that would reduce output of outdoors workers and worsen health problems such as hypertension and infectious disease, idling more laborers.