Musk’s xAI gets air permit for Memphis supercomputer

By Ariel Wittenberg | 07/03/2025 01:50 PM EDT

The company sought Clean Air Act permits for gas turbines powering the computer this winter — six months after they had begun spewing smog-forming pollution in South Memphis. “Everybody is devastated,” a community activist said.

The xAI data center

The xAI data center is seen May 7 in Memphis, Tennessee. George Walker IV/AP

Memphis-area regulators have approved a Clean Air Act permit for gas turbines powering Elon Musk’s AI company.

XAI first sought permits for the methane gas turbines this winter, six months after it began operating as many as 35 of the machines at its supercomputing facility in South Memphis. None of the turbines had a permit or pollution controls to limit smog-causing emissions — until now.

The Shelby County Health Department permit to operate 15 turbines was issued Wednesday over the objections of community groups and environmentalists who had argued the agency should have instead shut down xAI and fined it for operating without permits since last June. The Southern Environmental Law Center and NAACP have threatened to sue xAI over the resulting emissions. The groups now say they are “evaluating” their options.

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XAI welcomed the decision, which was made just over a month after company officials met with EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin.

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